Here you’ll find me asking virtually the same question a year ago. You’ll get there.
Uh, no, you don’t want a jumper from the 4024 output to ground!
If you leave out the diodes, then you don’t need that resistor at all — just leave it out. With the diodes, you should have a resistor from the jack tip (not the 4024 pin) to ground. Of the ones you mentioned I’d say use the 100k.
In Belver’s version the diodes are acting as logic gates. In Peter’s version they aren’t, and normally don’t do much, I think, although they do serve to protect the 4024 against inadvertently connecting the output to a negative voltage source. So I’d leave them in, and use the resistor.