The schematic is for the full ADSR module, not the simple AR module, so D2 in one isn’t the same as D2 in the other. Nevertheless, yes, a 1n4148 should be good.
That too should be good. You can splurge on poly film if you want; in principle it should be more stable and better behaved, but in practice you probably wouldn’t see significant difference.
I’m needing assistance one more time I had needed to replace this part but I don’t know if I bought the right one.
I got TL072 CP.
I also don’t know which way is up or down or…
It is important to note that the text printed on a chip does NOT tell you where pin 1 is. That is done by a marker like the dot or a small depression in the chip’s outer shell. If you put the chip in front of you with the marking pointing to the left like as shown in the picture then the pin numbers are counted in a counter clock wise fashion.