Help with simple sine wave VCO

So, i’ve been trying to make a simple, cheap and reliable sine wave VCO.

And found this one paper with the following VCO

It’s a pretty simple build, the output level is self regulating with no additional circuitry, the harmonic distortion is very low and the frequency control is done by a grounded resistor. So it’s exactly what i was looking for!

image

But now i need a method to vary the circled resistance. But the catch here is that this method needs to be highly linear. otherwise, the output won’t be a sine anymore.

so far the methods i’ve considered are:

a single NPN → it works but it introduces distortion
a single jfet → same as above + jfets are more expensive compared with bjts
a lm13700 like OTA → it introduced a lot of distortion but i might have messed up with the topology + it’s pretty expensive
vactrol → might be the best solution for this case but i’d really really like to use a different solution. so if everything else fails this will be it

i’d really appreciate some help

paper by: lutz von wangenheim (2002)

Is this for an LFO or an audio oscillator? Do you need accurate 1 V/oct exponential control? Or is less accurate exponential control, or even linear control, good enough?

Check this topic if you haven’t:

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Audio oscillator

not sure if i’ll need perfect 1v/oct

the oscillator is meant for an ondes mardenot like instrument

sure, i could use a fully ressonant filter (and if everything else fails i will) but i’d need to modify the circuit to eliminate the inputs and lock the filter into ressonant mode. also add the wave shaping

Yeah, so presumably you need exponential control even if it’s not necessarily 1.0000 V/oct, and then you probably would want some level of temperature stability even if it’s not necessarily rock steady. A couple discussions:

https://www.schmitzbits.de/expo_tutorial/

These provide a control current, how to use that to control your oscillator is the big question. LM13700 is the first thing that comes to my mind.

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that looks good!

i was trying to use the circuit in moritz klein’s VCO video i think this might be good
image

But the wave keeps shifting upwards with an increase in frequency